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ISSFAL Policy Statement 3 |
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Page 7 of 9
Table 2. Studies of a-linolenic acid and prostate cancer risk.
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Outcome measurement design
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Study/ Reference
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n
|
Study Design
|
Outcome Measurements
|
Results (association between ALA and PC)
|
Relative Risk (RR) or Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of Prostate Cancer Incidence
|
P Value
|
|
Questionnaire –based
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Health Professionals Follow-up Study; Giovannucci et al 1993.
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47855 (300 new cases of PC)
|
Prospective
|
Validated Food frequency questionnaire
|
Positive
association
|
RR 3.43 (1.67-7.04)
|
0.002
|
|
Questionnaire –based
|
Andersson et al 1996
|
526 cases
536 controls
|
Case-Control
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Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire
|
No association
|
OR 0.9
|
NS
|
|
Questionnaire –based
|
Netherlands Cohort Study; Schuurman et al 1999
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58279
(642 cases of PC)
|
Prospective
|
Self-administrated questionnaire
|
No association
|
RR 0.76 (0.66-1.04)
|
0.09
|
|
Questionnaire –based
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De Stéfani et al 2000
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217 cases
431 controls
|
Case-Control
|
Food frequency questionnaire
|
Positive association
|
OR 3.91 (1.5-10.1)
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0.001
|
|
Questionnaire –based
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Ramon et al 2000
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217 cases
434 controls
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Case-Control
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Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire
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Positive association
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OR 3.1 (2.2-4.7)
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0.001
|
|
Questionnaire and serum –based
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Physicians’ Health Study; Gann et al 1994
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120 men with PC, 120 controls of 14916 men
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Nested Case-Control
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Food frequency questionnaire and plasma fatty acid measurements
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Positive association
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RR 3.0 (1.2-7.3)
|
0.03
|
Table 2. Studies of a-linolenic acid and prostate cancer risk. Continued
|
Outcome measurement design
|
Study/ Reference
|
n
|
Study Design
|
Outcome Measurements
|
Results (association between ALA and PC)
|
Relative Risk (RR) or Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of Prostate Cancer Incidence
|
P Value
|
|
Serum-based
|
Alberg et al 1996
|
25802 (43 cases of PC)
|
Case-Control
|
Fatty acid analysis of prediagnostic serum.
|
No association
|
No association
|
NS
|
|
Serum
-based
|
Harvei et al 1997
|
141 cases
328 controls
|
Case-Control
|
Fatty acid analysis of serum.
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Positive association
|
OR 2.0 (1.1-3.6)
|
0.02
|
|
Serum-based
|
Newcomer et al 2001
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67 Cases
156 controls
|
Case-Control
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Fatty acid analysis of erythrocyte membrane.
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Positive association
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OR 2.6 (1.1-5.8)
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0.01
|
|
Serum and tissue-based
|
Godley et al 1996
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89 cases
38 controls
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Case-Control
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Fatty acid analysis of erythrocyte membrane and adipose tissue.
|
No association
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OR of erythrocyte membrane analysis 1.69 (0.54-5.26)
OR of adipose tissue analysis
2.73 (0.70-10.61)
|
0.23
0.18
|
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Tissue-based
|
Freeman et al 2000
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63 cases of radical prostatectomy
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Case-Control
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Fatty acid analysis of resected prostate tissue
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Negative
|
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0.008
|
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